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Dental conditions

Bad breath

Everyone has bad breath sometimes. When it doesn't go away with brushing, the cause is usually in the mouth, and it can usually be found and fixed.

Also called: halitosis

A man cupping his hand over his mouth, checking his breath

Sound familiar?

  • Breath that doesn't freshen up after brushing
  • A bad taste in your mouth
  • A white or yellow coating on your tongue
  • A dry mouth, especially in the morning
  • Someone close to you has mentioned it

What's usually behind it

Most bad breath comes from bacteria on the back of the tongue and between the teeth, where food breaks down. Gum disease, decay, old fillings that trap food, and dry mouth (from some medications, mouth breathing or alcohol) all make it worse. Smoking and some foods play a part. Less often, the cause is outside the mouth, such as tonsil stones, sinus problems or reflux.

What you can do at home

  • Brush twice a day and clean your tongue, especially towards the back
  • Floss or use interdental brushes daily
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Chew sugar-free gum to keep saliva flowing
  • Mouthwash can help, but it masks the smell rather than fixing the cause

When to see a dentist

  • Bad breath that lasts despite good cleaning
  • Bad breath with bleeding gums or a bad taste
  • A dry mouth that doesn't improve

How we help at Nest

We'll check your gums, teeth, fillings and tongue, and ask about dry mouth and medications, to find the source. A professional clean removes the build-up that brushing misses. If gum disease or decay is behind it, we'll treat that. If the cause looks like it's outside your mouth, we'll tell you and suggest you see your GP.

A woman covering her mouth, with a faint odour cloud around her face

Common questions

It's hard to tell yourself. A bad taste, a coated tongue or someone close to you mentioning it are the most common clues.

Brushing misses the tongue and between the teeth, where most odour-causing bacteria live. Gum disease can also cause bad breath that brushing alone won't fix.

Mouthwash can freshen breath for a while, but it doesn't fix the cause.

It can be. Bad breath together with bleeding gums is worth having checked.

Start with a dentist, as most bad breath comes from the mouth. If we don't find a cause there, we'll suggest you see your GP.

Talk it through with us

We'll look at what's going on, explain your options and costs before anything starts.

Reviewed by Dr Viki Karassellos, Dentist, Nest Dental. Last reviewed September 2026. This page is general information, not a diagnosis. Please see a dentist about your own situation.